Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Magic Berry!
The best BBB classes
BBB 231, animal behavior: This class will teach you to look at the systems of animal behavior from a completely different perspective. Using game theory, evolutionary concepts, neurological studies, and more, you gain a multi-disciplinary understanding of the natural animal patterns of behavior that we see around us. It's really interesting, even for someone who doesn't love ecology and evolutionary biology that much!
BIBB 251, cellular neurobiology: This is an incredible class. You get the benefit of having four different lecturers during the semester, each with his own wealth of information about neurobiology. The class certainly requires some work, it's worth it!
BBB 269 - Autonomic Physiology with Dr. Heerding: This is one of my favorite classes I've taken at Penn. The material covers a range of pathways and mechanisms in the nervous system (i.e. neurotransmitter mechanisms). You can expect it to be pretty dense and require a lot of memorization. That being said, Dr. Heerding is awesome and does a great job keeping you interested (and awake). I really loved learning everything we covered in class, and Dr. Heerding makes a lot of real world connections so after every lecture you get to walk away thinking, "Wow, so that's how that works-- that makes so much sense!" Also, for pre-meds: I was pleasantly surprised to find how much stuff I had to learn in the class was MCAT material. Not having to memorize (or even review) all the hormones again or the different pathways of the nervous system was definitely a bonus.
"Introduction to Brain and Behavior" (BBB 109-401): In the class, you start out by learning about the basic mechanisms of the brain and nervous system, things such as action potentials, axons, etc. The end of the semester is really cool because it ties everything into the five sensory systems and you see a real connection between the small scale bio-chem and your macro-level human senses and behavior.
BBB 451: behavioral genetics: This is a small seminar class and has been one of my favorites. In the first part of the semester there is a guest lecturer each class who talks about their own research and in the second students give presentations on current journal articles. I loved this class because you get to hear from a wide variety of professors and learn about studies being conducted at Penn. The workload isn't hard at all and if you're interested in research this is the class for you. I do wish that Dr. Price had done a slightly better job fascilitating discussion after each lecture; there were times when presentations were followed by silence. However, this is a risk in any seminar and depends just as much on the particular group of students in the class.
Tuesday, March 29, 2011
Neuroscience @ Penn--Friday, April 1st
Monday, March 21, 2011
Neuroscience @ Penn--Friday, March 25th
Thursday, March 17, 2011
The King's Speech
The King’s Speech took the spotlight at the Oscars, winning four Oscars including Best Picture and Original Screenplay. The film is an interesting historical account of King George IV’s struggle with stuttering and public speaking. But it also makes one wonder, what exactly influences the condition of stuttering? Although over 3 million Americans have this condition, its causes are not completely clear. Some research has shown that it is a neurological problem. A group led by Christy Ludlow at James Madison University has discovered that there is less white matter in the left hemisphere (responsible for motor control) in those who stutter. On the other hand, some believe that stuttering has genetic components as well. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, 60% of children who stutter also have family members with the condition. Although the film shows a great success story, there’s still a lot we have yet to learn about the fundamental causes and development of stuttering.
Monday, March 14, 2011
Neuroscience @ Penn--Friday, March 18th
Forget the cake, I'll take Pi!
Thursday, March 3, 2011
Mind Control & Robo-Rats
I came across a video on Youtube that reminded me remarkably of a gadget from a James Bond movie; Laser watch? Check. Detonating pen? Check. Mind control device? Check…wait what? That’s right…that inconspicuous control chip stealthily implanted into one’s brain by the enemy may actually start becoming a legitimate concern in the real world of secret agents, if it isn’t already. That’s why it is no surprise that DARPA, a U.S. Department of Defense agency focused on advancing military technology, funds research in this area. Through the use of a body/ machine interface mechanism, scientists have recently demonstrated the ability to control the direction of a rat’s movement (left, right, or forward). Two electrodes placed in the sensory cortex stimulate the rat’s whiskers on either the right or left side, creating a “phantom feeling”. This initiates orientation in the desired direction of movement. If the rat chooses to begin moving in the direction stimulated by the electrodes, it is soon after rewarded by a discharge in the reward center of the brain, releasing the neurotransmitter, dopamine, inducing a widespread feeling of pleasure. Note, that the rat is free to make its own decision regardless of experimental intervention, so the process can be viewed as merely motivating the rat to make a particular decision, not necessarily controlling its ability to do so. However, it is also one step closer to the actualization of mind control.
This remote control of another’s movement has also begun to be tested in humans, but in the vestibular system rather than the motor cortex, affecting the subject’s sense of balance/ equillibrium. While this is an exciting new field to explore, I am sure that I am not alone in expressing that it should be done with caution. Ethical boundaries are being pushed every day with the progression of technology and science. The mere idea of “mind control” threatens each individual’s autonomy by imposing on free will via neuro-manipulation. As seen in the video, we can already create involuntary movement by using electric pulse stimuli on various motor areas of the brain. What if one day this includes entire involuntary actions? The days of the "remote-control human cyborg" may be closer than we think.
What is empathy?
How has empathy influenced the development of society?
Jeremy Rifkin, an American economist, Wharton graduate, and author of The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness In a World In Crisis, discusses the history and implications of empathy. It is amazing how the firing of particular neurons in our brains has significantly shaped a variety of aspects of society. So check out this really interesting RSA video (with awesome animations!) featuring Jeremy Rifkin’s lecture, “The Empathic Civilization”: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7AWnfFRc7g&feature=relmfu